stylistic information is given typically by usage labels.phonetic transcription is international and.grammatical coding is detailed and explicit.
collocational detail is provided, usually by example sentences.the definitions are geared to the more limited vocabulary of the foreign learner.Hartmann goes on to summarise their main design features which distinguish them from conventional monolingual L1 dictionaries. For such learners, there is general agreement that the benefits of using a monolingual dictionary more than make up for any difficulties in grasping the definitions (Hartmann, 1992). Since Hornby's pioneering Advanced Learner's Dictionary was first published in Japan in 1948, learners' dictionaries have emerged as a specific genre in their own right and have become accepted as a valuable source of lexical information for intermediate and advanced language learners. a monolingual dictionary written specifically for L2 learners. Of these digitalised dictionaries this article confines itself to a discussion the development of just one kind: the electronic versions of learners' dictionaries (hereinafter abbreviated as ELDs).īut first what exactly is meant by "learners' dictionary"? This article will adopt the meaning as it is understood in lexicography: i.e. Moreover, sales of dedicated pocket-size electronic dictionaries (PEDs), such as those made by Franklin and Canon, have risen exponentially. The Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM and the Merrian-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Electronic Edition are two such examples.
Publishers have brought out electronic versions of their established dictionaries, usually on CD-ROM. It is not surprising then that in recent years digitalised dictionaries have proliferated. As a result lexical information can be obtained faster and more efficiently. In contrast, electronic dictionaries, of whatever type, allow language information to be stored on different lists and accessed from multiple directions. Information in a conventional printed dictionary is stored largely on one alphabetically arranged list of headwords. ELECTRONIC LEARNERS' DICTIONARIES (ELDs): AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ELECTRONIC LEARNERS' DICTIONARIES (ELDs): AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
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